The knowledge of cell morphology, physiology and all factors influencing the growth, reproduction and production of metabolites is a prerequisite for successful biotechnology applications. In the lectures students will be acquainted with the theory of morphology and physiology of industrial microorganisms. Attention will be paid to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The course will discussed physiology of growth of microbial cells and cell differentiation. Metabolism of the microbial cells and transport mechanisms of the cell will also be discussed including the introduction of basic regulatory mechanisms and the possibility of regulation of microbial metabolic processes. Finally, the course will describe influence of environmental factors on the physiology of industrial microorganisms. Students will be acquainted with different types of cellular responses including behavior of microorganisms for a particular purpose. In particular, possibilities for biosynthetic, biodegradation or biotransformation properties of the microorganisms used will be described.