The structure of contemporaneous analytical chemistry. Principles of analytical metrology. Analytical aspects of chemical equilibrium (thermodynamics and kinetics). Explanation of protolytic, complexation, precipitation, redox, catalytic and inductive reactions. Organic analytical reagents Principles of inorganic qualitative analysis, group and selective analytical reactions, analytical selectivity and limits. Analytical signal and its qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Problems of sampling. Chemical and physical analytical methods. Gravimetric analysis and its present significance. Processes during precipitate formation and contamination. Modern analytical balances and correct weighing.. Examples of gravimetric procedures. Gravimetric stoichiometry. Organic reagents in gravimetry. Precipitation in homogeneous solution. Errors in gravimetry. Principles of solution volumetry. Theory of titration curves, titration characteristics and titration errors. Estimation and evaluation of titration equivalent points. Chemical indicators The principles of buffering acidobasic, redox, ligand and cation buffers. Examples of acidobasic, redox, precipitation and complexometric titrations. Acidimetry and alkalimetry. Titration of weak acids and bases. Boric acid, aminoacids, ammonium, ammonia, nitrogen in organic compounds, polyprotic acids. Titration of weak bases, carbonate, hydrogencarbonate. Theory and examples of iodometry, chromatometry, bromatometry and cerimetry. Precipitation titration. Argentometry with various indicators of the end-point, determination of sulphate. Titration on the basis of of complexes (chelates), cyanide, mercurimetry, EDTA titrations. Theory of titration curves and practical examples of chelometric titration. Metalochromic indicators.
Some special topics
What is analytical chemistry ? Acids and bases in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. Bjerrum and other concepts. The significance of electrochemical Nernst equations in analytical chemistry. Complexation in solution. Analytical reagents, selectivity and sensitivity. Theory of precipitation in gravimetry. Theory of titration, titration curves, titration equivalent point, principle of buffers, chemical indicators. Selected examples of acid-base, redox, and precipitation titration; teoretical imaginations. Complexometry with complexanes, metalochromic indicators.
Principles of analytical statistics, kinds of errors. Principle of kinetics of analytical reactions. Principles of modern chemical qualitative analysis.