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The course Biochemistry II is focused on detailed study of metabolic pathways and their regulation on molecular as well as cellular level. The knowlege obtained after passing the course can serve as basis for further studies, especially for biotechnology, molecular biology and bioengineering.

Examination - Biochemistry I.

The course uses teaching methods in form of Lecture - 2 teaching hours per week. The e-learning system (LMS Moodle) is available to teachers and students.

Oral examination, combination of 3 questions, evaluation according to ECTS standards.

Exercises: active participation in round discussions, individual presentation, 4 tests /10 questions, minimum points - 70 %.

The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the basics of cellular metabolism and its regulation. Based on the general principles of biochemical thermodynamics, the basic pathways of metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids will be discussed. The course also includes biological oxidation, cellular energy production and photosynthesis. Within the metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins, the course of gene expression and its regulation will be explained. The course also includes mutual relations and regulation within the intermediate metabolism of nutrients.
During exercises will be discussed individual topics presented in lectures. Round discussions will be realized and completed by indiviual presentations of students.

Week:
1. Basic principles of living systems, termodynamics, energy metabolism.
2. Control of metabolism: mechanisms of enzyme activity control (allostery, covalent modification); cell signaling.
3. Metabolic control 2: control of gene expressione; turnover of protein molecules.
4. Metabolism of saccharides – glycolysis, types of fermentation and their industrial use.
5. The tricarboxylic acid cycle. Gluconeogenesis. The ketone bodies.
6. Biological oxidations. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation – redox complexes, respiratory chain control.
7. Photosynthesis – principles, control (oxygenic, anoxygenic).
8. Metabolism of lipids: The beta-oxidation of fatty acids, FA biosynthesis. Metabolism of triacylglycerols and phospholipids.
9. The isoprenoid pathway. Cholesterol metabolism.
10. Metabolism of nitrogen compounds 1: nitrogen fixation, amino acids degradation. The urea cycle. Degradation of carbon chain of AA.. Biosynthesis of amino acids.
11. Metabolism of nitrogen compounds 2: Amino acids as biosynthetic precursors: The porphyrine pathway. Nucleotide metabolism. Biosynthesis and degradation of nucleotides and nucleic acids.
12. Secondary metabolism – overview.
13. Metabolism of selected classes of secondary metabolites – vitamins, antibiotics, aromatic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides.

The aim of the course Biochemistry II is to introduce basic principles of cell metabolism and its regulation. Based on general thermodynamic principles the course of central biochemical pathways including metabolism of saccharides, fatty acids and amino acids is elucidated. Further, basic principles of biological oxidations, cell energy production and photosynthesis are discussed. Next, metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins and processes involved in gene expression are introduced. As a part of course intermediate metabolism and complex regulation of metabolic pathways are presented.

Recommended.

Stryer L.: Biochemistry. 9th Edition, Palgrave, 2019. (EN)
Voet D. (2011): Biochemistry, John Wiley And Sons Ltd, ISBN-13: 978-0470570951 (EN)

Salway J.G.,Medical Biochemistry at a Glance, John Wiley And Sons Ltd, ISBN: 9780470654514 (EN)